https://www.quora.com/Why-cant-A-A-missiles-be-used-against-ground-targets-and-A-G-missiles-against-air-targets. While "flak" refers to anti-aircraft fire, the concept of proximity fusing and shrapnel isn't restricted to aircraft. The T-3 fuze had a 52% success against a water target when tested in January, 1942. [10], In September 1940, the Tizard Mission travelled to the US to introduce their researchers to a number of UK developments, and the topic of proximity fuses was raised. For alternate autocannon ammunition, see the Special Munitions category. That means the fuse was outperforming traditional rounds three to one in routine combat conditions. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. What are Lock Patterns for Android phones? The allies had the edge with the VT fuse. Flak came into English as an abbreviation for the German word Fliegerabwehrkanone, meaning aircraft-defense gun. Wooden precise replica of the German 88mm anti-aircraft FlaK guns and Tiger-I ammunition - 8.8cm Sprgr.Patr. 14 December, 2014. Welcome to WWII Forums! It used then a toroidal lens, that concentrated all light from a plane perpendicular to the missile's main axis onto a photocell. Physicorium: good all-rounder against unarmored targets, has almost twice the standard damage. Fine condition. Others mentioned how flak guns were used in Vietnam, I went on an immersion trip with my college down to one of the poorest counties in the U.S. met a pastor there and helped him fix up his church, and some of the nearby buildings. The amplitude of the reflected signal corresponded to the closeness of the target. There was a reason the official histories downplayed the effectiveness of German flak. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Allied AA defenses were also effective, one example being the battles against the V-1 flying bombs and the fact that they chose to defend Antwerp against the V-1 using AA guns along is testament to their effectiveness. It is estimated that it increases the lethality by 5 to 10 times, compared to these other fuzes.[4][5]. An HE-Frag shell with time fuse. A fireball from a kamikaze attack engulfs the USS Columbia during a battle near the Philippines in 1945. Ammunition available: HE-T, HE-I, HEI-T, AP-T, Minengescho, Stielgranate New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Why do I stay the same weight no matter what I do? Optical sensing was developed in 1935, and patented in the United Kingdom in 1936, by a Swedish inventor, probably Edward W. Brandt, using a petoscope. Empyrion - Galactic Survival > General Discussions > Topic Details. The Browning M2 .50 Caliber Machine Gun, Heavy barrel is an automatic, recoil operated, air-cooled machine gun with adjustable headspace and is crew transportable with limited amounts of . For sale: 88mm - $100,000 - $150,000. What is the safe score in JEE Mains 2021? Soviet artillery and tanks weren't able to penetrate the huge concrete tower, allowing the Germans to keep shooting. For smaller artillery, anything except a direct hit often killed very few or nobody if the soldiers were in cover. Flak Ammo is a type of bullet that spreads in flight, making it good for medium-ranged combat. It's hard to hit a fast moving target with a bullet, which is why they use shotguns with shot ammo with a lot of small pellets inside to hunt birds, to basically have the bird fly through a rain of pellets, ensuring that at least one hits it. The British shared a wide range of possible ideas for designing a fuze, including a photoelectric fuze and a radio fuze, with United States during the Tizard Mission in late 1940. The versatile 88mm cannon was Germany's main heavy antiaircraftor flakgun during World War II. A timer fuze can be set to explode a few meters above the ground but the timing is vital and usually requires observers to provide information for adjusting the timing. The idea of a proximity fuse had long been considered militarily useful. [38], While working for a defense contractor in the mid-1940s, Soviet spy Julius Rosenberg stole a working model of an American proximity fuze and delivered it to Soviet intelligence. There is a Luftwaffe flying eagle clutching a swastika in his talons at the top. As volume increased, efficiency came into play and the cost per fuze fell from $732 in 1942 to $18 in 1945. Flak detonation clouds Early on during the war, two kinds of flak rounds were used. As Flak existed in the twentieth century, no, however, a modern equivalent of the radar guided air defense gun is deployed widely by all major militaries. The distance between the fuze and the target was not constant but rather constantly changing due to the high speed of the fuze and any motion of the target. The different roles that artillery ammunition has had to fill on the battlefield has led to many different designs and types of ammunition, some of which are discussed here And while artillery has been used by armies for hundreds of years, this article focuses on "modern" ammunition (post-1870). As these projects moved from development into prototype form in the late 1930s, Butement turned his attention to other concepts, and among these was the idea of a proximity fuse: Into this stepped W. A. S. Butement, designer of radar sets CD/CHL and GL, with a proposal on 30 October 1939 for two kinds of radio fuze: (1) a radar set would track the projectile, and the operator would transmit a signal to a radio receiver in the fuze when the range, the difficult quantity for the gunners to determine, was the same as that of the target and (2) a fuze would emit high-frequency radio waves that would interact with the target and produce, as a consequence of the high relative speed of target and projectile, a Doppler-frequency signal sensed in the oscillator.[24]. They project narrow beams of laser light perpendicular to the flight of the missile. Throw a couple hundred of em into the air and theyll do work. In this video, you'll find out the percentages of where Allied bombers got hit the most. Incendiary ammunition is a type of ammunition that contains a chemical that, upon hitting a hard obstacle, has the characteristic of causing fire/setting flammable materials in the vicinity of the impact on fire. 50 Rounds of 140gr FMJ 9mm Subsonic Ammo by Sellier & Bellot. To work in shells, a fuze needed to be miniaturized, survive the high acceleration of cannon launch, and be reliable. Each gun, usually of 88mm caliber, could project a shell to 20,000ft and could knock out an aircraft within 30 yards of the shell burst. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This addon should work if enabled with new game This addon should not work if spawned by "Test Location" Air Force base is the place with many beds in barracks When entering Flak Challenge zone, there will be warning messages before the challenge actually start Not FLAK in particular but I wanted to clear up a bit about fragmentation shells in general. 50 Rounds of 124gr MC 9mm Ammo by Remington. Bonus Pack. One hopes that they were prepared for a . Weapons and Ammunition. As the missile passes its target some of the energy strikes the target and is reflected to the missile, where detectors sense it and detonate the warhead. Don't Panic! 60.0. Image courtesy the German Federal Archive. All of these suffered from the large size of pre-WWII electronics and their fragility, as well as the complexity of the required circuitry. View Coupon. The Marine heavy AA guns on Guadalcanal, for example, in 1942 forced Japanese to bombers to fly higher reducing their accuracy to a great extent, but you never hear or read about it. Thank you. There are two basic ways to do that, make the shell explode at the time when it is near the target, or make it explode when the shell is simply near the target. As the war progress and the manpower shortage increased thousands of able-bodied flak men were transferred to the army. Ammunition. (U.S. Navy) It even potentially saved the life of one of its creators, Dr. Van Allen. Flak as used in the second world war is a larger shell that when fired, travels to the target area and explodes within its general area, hoping to score a hit by Which nation was best at using AAA and why? Press J to jump to the feed. e Weapons. It has a speed of between 2,600 to 2,700 ft/s; an energy of between 3,300 and 3, 500 Joules. Notes. Automatic fuze setters were used as an 88 could fire 15-20 shells per minute and even the 128mm could manage 12 per minute. Blank ammunition, used in training and for salutes, has a paper, wax, or plastic wad or pellet in place of the bullet. But this was a false metric. As opposed to earlier designs, the B Mark VI was a true incendiary rather than tracer ammunition. Great story. The main targets for these proximity fuze detonated bombs and rockets were anti-aircraft emplacements and airfields.[62]. The designation VT means variable time. [57], The Pentagon refused to allow the Allied field artillery use of the fuzes in 1944, although the United States Navy fired proximity-fuzed anti-aircraft shells during the July 1943 invasion of Sicily. When a target was nearby, it would reflect a significant portion of the oscillator's signal. The story mostly centres around the fighter defence and how the F4F Wildcat matched up against the vaunted A6M Zero-sen. [10] These included acoustic fuzes triggered by engine sound, one based on electrostatic fields developed by Rheinmetall Borsig, and radio fuzes. [21][22], In 1936, the Air Ministry took over Bawdsey Manor in Suffolk to further develop their prototype radar systems that would emerge the next year as Chain Home. [9] Rockets have relatively low acceleration and no spin creating centrifugal force, so the stresses on the delicate electronic fuze are relatively benign. Reverse is maker marked S.H.u.Co. It was so important that it was a secret guarded to a similar level as the atom bomb project or D-Day invasion. The original flak jackets were nothing more than nylon vests with steel plates sewn inside.Nov 12, 2004. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Flak can refer to criticism or worse, explosive shells from an antiaircraft weapon. By 1944, a large proportion of the American electronics industry concentrated on making the fuzes. When an 88mm projectile exploded at altitude, it sent out jagged There was a variant of the Stielgranate 41 (hollowed charge, stick grenade) for the 3,7 cm Flak weapons (18, 36, 37, 43) to emergency fight back heavy armored vehicles. How did flak guns work in WW2? This design was used in both the British No44 Pistol and the German Rheinmetall-Borsig BAZ 55A fuzes. I would point to the Luftwaffe flak defenses of the Ruhr, their larger cities like Berlin and their oil refineries. They showered the Soviets with aa guns, keeping them in a position. The one on your picture is either 2 or 3. At the time, phosphorus was the primary ingredient in the incendiary charge and ignited upon firing, leaving a trail of blue smoke. Its interesting that we continue to use the term todaycatching flak at the office as one example., Flak in the Second World War was very effective. It's called a hammer because that's how it works: like a conventional hammer driving a nail into wood, it uses a relatively large mass pushing forward onto a relatively small mass (the firing pin), so it magnifies force. Please see ooredoo . Sign upfor our newsletterhere. Copyrights 2023 All Rights Reserved by Scientific Know-How Inc. The gun pits were arranged to enable the high altitude flak guns ( probably British army 3.7 in guns) fire in unison to create a box pattern when the shells exploded at the preset height and would follow the track of the bombers That was the means a lethal zone was put where the bombers were expected to be. 56.25 degrees Back; It is unclear how the air brakes of the trailers are relevant to unlimbered guns. British tests were then carried out with "unrotated projectiles," in this case rockets. If my health was such that I was still in to historical board and miniatures games I betcha this would, umm, lets say, engender energetic conversation, in that realm. The tables below give the armor penetration figures of the most common German guns used during the Second World War.
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