( 1, 2, 3) 5 Paul Kagame, the 60-year-old President of Rwanda, has been in power since 1994 when his rebel army ended the genocide which had killed 800,000 people. The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. [140] Elections are also used to control elites within the dictatorship by requiring them to compete with one another and incentivizing them to build support with the populace, allowing the most popular and most competent elites to be promoted in the regime. Democracy is broadly understood to mean 'rule by the people'. Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. He took control of the nation in 1973 after leading a coup that deposed elected leftist leader Salvador Allende. In personalist dictatorships, the elite corps are usually made up of close friends or family members of the dictator, who typically handpicks these individuals to serve their posts. Repression can encompass actual or threatened physical violence such as arrests, assassinations, torture, beatings, disappearances, mass killings, and forced exile. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Elites are also the primary political threats of a dictator, as they can leverage their power to influence or overthrow the dictatorship. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single personthe dictatoror party has absolute power. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. However, since they might also give up power willingly, the regime is marked with a type II value to signal potential classification errors where a democratic regime may be falsely classified as dictatorship. Parliamentary democracy is the same as semi-presidential but has heads of state which are not popularly elected for a fixed term, typically either monarchs or officials not chosen by popular elections. (Dictator of Italy and Principal Founder of Fascism Who Was Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943.) A dictator has the ability to make decisions that will have an impact on the people in many ways, and the worse part is, the people do not consent to being ruled. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. Organizations that maintain moral authority with the public, such as the Church, are often the most targeted by infiltration. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. At the onset of the so-called "third wave" of democracy in 1978, the only democratic regimes were Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. [25], One-party dictatorships are governments in which a single political party dominates politics. [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. "Tyrants, the World's 20 Worst Living Dictators", by David Wallechinsky, ranked Biya together with three others mainly in sub-Saharan Africa: Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, and King Mswati of Swaziland. This does not indicate cases of semi-democracy or semi-dictatorship. [107] The development of the internet and digital communication in the 21st century have prompted dictatorships to shift from traditional means of control to digital ones, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze mass communications, internet censorship to restrict the flow of information, and troll farms to manipulate public opinion. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine are the only democratic nations in the region, with Israel being the only nation in this region that affords broad political liberties to its citizens. These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. Typically, dictators rise to power when a nation faces significant social issues, such as strong economic crises or unrest among the nation's people. [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. Zimbabwe - 1980 to present - Robert Mugabe. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. Political culture: 5.00. [citation needed]The typical military dictatorship in Latin America was ruled by a junta (derived from a Spanish word . More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. In Germany, the head of state is elected by regional legislatures and not popularly elected. Current dictatorships include Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, and North Korea. When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. If you think that today's world is all about democracy, human rights, and freedoms, you live in a total illusion and you should definitely read our list of 15 countries with dictatorships today. Modern dictatorships first developed in the 19th century, which included Bonapartism in Europe and caudillos in Latin America. [118] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. Synonyms for DICTATORSHIP: tyranny, autocracy, fascism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, despotism, absolutism, autarchy; Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP: democracy . Monarchies: 3. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. Military dictatorships are controlled by military officers, one-party dictatorships are controlled by the leadership of a political party, and personalist dictatorships are controlled by a single individual. [76][77] The Russian Revolution inspired a wave of left-wing revolutionary movements in Europe between 1917 and 1923, but none saw the same level of success. [141] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. Africa has several long-standing dictators despite the fact that the continent as a whole is quite volatile politically. " Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. 1. Nearly half of dictatorships start as a military coup, though others have been started by foreign intervention, elected officials ending competitive elections, insurgent takeovers, popular uprisings by citizens, or legal maneuvering by autocratic elites to take power within their government. [37], Personalist dictators typically favor loyalty over competence in their governments and have a general distrust of intelligentsia. [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. He arose to power in Italy in 1922, following the so-called 'March on Rome', in which his . Photo: Lars Klove. [26], A dictatorship may fall because of a military coup, foreign intervention, negotiation, or popular revolution. The methodology is derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, regardless of geopolitical, geographic, ethnic or religious considerations. [10] Political scientist Juan Jos Linz identifies a spectrum of political systems with democracies and totalitarian regimes separated by authoritarian regimes with varied classifications of hybrid systems. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. Personalist dictatorships are more common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to less established institutions in the region. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. [126] In particular, censorship by dictatorships helps solidify claims of legitimacy and marginalize the voices of opposition critics. The totalitarian dictatorship in the People's Republic of China , from 1949 to the present. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. [1]:70. [132] Foreign intervention takes place when another country seeks to topple a regime by invading the country or supporting the opposition. The dictator is the absolute ruler. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. Poverty alleviation in these 10 dictatorship countries is in some cases associated with human rights abuses, violent crackdowns on the political opposition and indigenous people. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. [1] [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. Cuba - Dictatorship 5. The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. Personalistic dictatorships: 4. What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. Whether or not Putin is a dictator is a matter of some debate. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. [52], Dictatorship is historically associated with the Ancient Greek concept of tyranny, and several ancient Greek rulers have been described as "tyrants" that are comparable to modern dictators. Those who believe that he is a dictator argue that he imprisons his opponents, removed freedom of speechthe press can only publish what he allows them toand has restructured the government to give himself more and longer-lasting power. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. In fact, most dictators adopt common appellations such as "President" or "Prime Minister", so they must be identified via their actions and policies rather than their title. Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. [148], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. [144] Since the end of the Cold War, more dictatorships have established "semi-competitive" elections in which opposition is allowed to participate in elections but is not allowed to win, with approximately two-thirds of dictatorships permitting opposition candidates in 2018. [145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. For dictatorships, monarchic, military and civilian dictatorship. Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. This is a list of countries, nations, and states governed or ruled by a dictatorship, is sorted alphabetically and contains some information about each nation, such as the capital, and even the official language or currency of the country. [8]:456. These individuals form an inner circle, making up a class of elites that hold a degree of power within the dictatorship and receive benefits in exchange for their support. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images. The dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain , from 1939 to 1975. Argentina and Mexico are the countries with Dictatorship as a government form. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. Chad. Syria - Well, it depends. Communist dictatorships in the region aligned with China following the latter's establishment as a communist state. The Freedom in the World report evaluates the state of freedom in 195 countries and 14 territories, assigning a score between 0 and 4 in a series of 25 indicators to give a final score of 100. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Pol Pot (1925-1998) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) Idi Amin (1952-2003) Is Venezuela a dictatorship? Fidel Castro was one of the most iconic latin american dictators, who lived in the 20th century. Modern Dictatorship Countries. In their book "Dictators and Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders", authors Natasha M. Ezrow and Erica Frantz lay out five types of dictatorships: Power is obtained and maintained through military might. [92] Deng Xiaoping took power as the de facto leader of China after Mao's death and implemented reforms to restore stability following the Cultural Revolution and reestablish free market economics. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. [1]:71. Imelda Marcos was the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled over the . Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. Allowing the opposition to have representation in the regime, such as through a legislature, further reduces the likelihood of terrorist attacks in a dictatorship. From the outside looking in, life within a dictatorship appears akin to being in a toxic relationship or living situation. These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. 3. Many countries which are seen as otherwise democratic are dictatorships because there has yet to be an alternation in power since their incumbent government has never lost an election. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. One person holds all of the country's power. The Portuguese were present in some mostly coastal points of the territory of what is now Angola from the 16th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples who lived there. Rwanda - 1994 to present - Paul Kagame. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 12:26. The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. the dictatorship of the proletariat had to be preserved in the socialist countries to assure that the reeducated minds of the workers already lucky enough to live under socialism were not re-infected by capitalist ideas coming in from outside the people's collectivist . The Democracy-Dictatorship Index is seen as an example of the minimalist approach, whereas the Polity data series is more substantive. [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. "[6], For a regime to be considered as a democracy by the DD scheme, it must meet the requirement of four rules below:[1]:69[3], Some regimes may meet the first three rules, but lack an alternation in power in its historical past; these regimes are classified as dictatorships because of cases where the incumbent only allows elections as long as they keep winning, and would refuse to step down if they lost. [64][65][66], Dictatorship developed as a major form of government in the 19th century, though the concept was not universally seen pejoratively at the time, with both a tyrannical concept and a quasi-constitutional concept of dictatorship understood to exist. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. What are the countries with a democracy government? He was also ranked 19th in Parade Magazine's Top 20 list of "The World's Worst Dictators". Miguel Daz-Canel, the son of Ral Castro who replaced him as president of Cuba, has kept the dictatorship structure in place that was established by Fidel Castro during the Cuban revolution. One of its most notable examples was Holodomor, where Joseph Stalin blamed the shortages of grain on "enemies of the state" who hoarded it. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie.
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