earthquake - shaking and vibration of Earth's surface. Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters & Measuring Magnitudes. Show students some of the numerous online animations comparing the movements of P and S waves. Click for facts and worksheets in PDF! =Cv :~4yrXP 62{_,*Uq/O-oUNBr-$y~:G},#3e^CS6U*_zVGY7ZNUWk2f?? {%!,"{u5E&OOqA_"/uxn-kx+Vz*EQb)Q 0000000856 00000 n
A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. trailer
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Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. travel 3,000 miles. Using the real-world data in the living lab enables students and teachers to practice analyzing data to solve problems and answer questions, in much the same way that scientists and engineers do every day. Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. Resources. minutes = 6 minutes. How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? Click on New Document and select the file importing option: upload Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key from your device, the cloud, or a protected link. Though the distance to the epicenter can be determined using a travel-time graph, the direction cannot be told. from the epicenter will be 14 8. Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. Choose an answer and hit 'next'. DocHub v5.1.1 Released! 0000078169 00000 n
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01. Describe what the "magnitude" of an earthquake is. %PDF-1.5
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If you can't find an answer to your question, please contact us. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. Seismograms Use Figure 4.5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4.4 to determine the distance between each station and THREE SEISMOGRAMS the epicenter. How does distance from the epicenter affect the magnitude (height) of the seismograph reading? (, Have any of you ever experienced an earthquake or know anyone who has? 0000005149 00000 n
As you read and complete the activity, take notes so you can complete the. Subjects: Earth Sciences, General Science Grades: 5th - 8th Types: Activities, Laboratory to the lag time measured at this location? The period of P waves is shorter, than the period of surface waves. These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. 0000000016 00000 n
I contacted the persons listed below to find out the location of the following people entitled to notice Name of Person Measure the difference in arrival times between the first shear (s) wave and the first compressional (p) wave, which can be interpreted from the seismogram. As the drum rotated, the As discussed earlier in this lesson, this method of determining the epicenter of an . If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. Details. Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. Note the differences in The period of a wave is the time between two adjacent wave peaks. Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined"? Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1. H\0y Run through the investigation yourself and record the data, just to see how long it takes. Encourage them to explore all of the Earthquakes Living Lab as they complete the worksheet. First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived. Subjects: 9 -
Upload a document. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. How far do S waves travel in 5 Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. To do this, have the students use, Find the epicenter of the earthquake on the map (. HtA1D41`s(GME$Ke*YdEOYf2-:r. Figure 2. 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(Figure 3):. 1,000 miles from the epicenter of an earthquake? approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? 0000004769 00000 n
3. There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. within type by subtype, then by grade, etc. Thanks for your feedback! After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science,
locate and label the epicenter of the earthquake on this map. In this investigation, participants will understand that S and P waves are used to find the epicenter of an earthquake by using seismograph data to triangulate an epicenter. !D,X2:azTG)kPT~Mj 4>d w@O'. aqmd. ?t?s=Yt '_(
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How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined? Follow this simple guide to edit Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Explore all the advantages of our editor right now! Accessed December 11, 2013. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/docs/020204mag_policy.php. Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects. When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D El trmino tambin puede hacer referencia al ttulo o nombre de alguien a quien se di, Practica II - De Psicologian membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. hb```b````e``n`d@ A
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Entering the three maximum amplitudes generates a nomogram, a graphical device that simplifies the process of estimating magnitude from distance (determined earlier in the tutorial from the S-P interval process) and amplitude. 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . For purposes of this activity, the least complicated and probably most accurate approach is to just use the term "magnitude," without needing to say "on the Richter scale" or "on the moment magnitude scale." seismogram. Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD
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P wave: The first seismic wave of an earthquake. Thus technology use varies from region to region and over time. Focal Depth. 17 Station St., Ste 3 Brookline, MA 02445. "`B(R6sj
[CX7p+s =#;~ `'kA P and Swaves are body waves and travel, through the interior of the earth. What types of engineers might use this data the most? 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. All rights reserved. Epicenter Location on Earth's surface directly above the focus of the earthquake 5. epicenter, the longer the lag time measured This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . It's a logarithmic scale from 1 to 10 with each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. If less precision is desired, precede M with a tilde, such as "M ~7" or "magnitude ~6.8.". Swaves arrive at the seismic station after the Pwaves. 12), Analyze and interpret data about natural hazards using direct and indirect evidence
to the lag time measured at this location? Learn more How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. 83 0 obj
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Notify the classroom teacher of technology needs (overhead projector). Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. How does the lag time change as you get farther and Share with Classes. In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. How might they use this information? Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. Alignment agreement:
Hand out the worksheets to the groups and direct them to read through the instructions. Q(_?!6YV3B"\'9:4gTp*7^/P.X!skfkJ)1nG#a\{UD+iWM+ rQR]9SFTUPlM#"c:;tnsQPlu]Uyv?Ge}W;8cMA/x}'5clES~+}S+N7}wQ:/BkmI^" 5oqaBC[TRjq4.e}F:SQg{=u\xcg~EaZKReoC?oahJ` 'w
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What did it feel like? located 1,000 miles from the Virtual Earthquake (tutorial/simulation) 1996. by. Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. Use this information to complete the following. Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave . Students learn what causes earthquakes, how we measure and locate them, and their effects and consequences. 0000079769 00000 n
To complete the activity, some prior . 0000002840 00000 n
Before looking at the Earthquakes Living Lab, have pairs complete the, Then guide the teams to the Earthquakes Living Lab via the living lab website at. What about P waves? Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes ActivityWorksheet Example Answers 4 now big earthquakes are measured using the moment magnitude scale; both scales essentially rank the power (energy release) of the earthquake. 87 0 obj
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X!.43p2t!}SLx-3z.KN4X+H\+vk? This worksheet focuses on using the p and s graph to find different variables. important in helping seismologists determine the epicenter of the earthquake. HTAn 0000002009 00000 n
Direct students to finish the activity by completing the. Subject Areas:
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Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events. Students first triangulate the location of an earthquake's epicenter, then calculate its magnitude. 0000115324 00000 n
P and Swaves are body waves and travelthrough the interior of the earth. lag time. 0000106240 00000 n
The farther a station is from the 0000002250 00000 n
We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. 0000001893 00000 n
Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. 61 33
Step 1: ans- d) 65 seconds Ste . 0000003855 00000 n
It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. What is the The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab - Triangulation sheet for students and/or teachers to use (Slide 6), and answer key (Slide 7). One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Richter magnitude scale: An earthquake measurement scale created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. Develop a solution to a technological problem that has the least negative environmental and social impact. The magnitude determination is based on seismic data. If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. Shear wave from earthquake, moving slower than primary waves, through solid material only. Edit your locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers online. Thanks for your feedback! distance = travel time for S waves Triangulation is required to determine exactly where it happened. 0000002544 00000 n
at that station. Every year, earthquakes cause death and destruction worldwide. What is an earthquake? Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. longer or shorter). Record your answer from Lab Exercise #2, Step 1. 92 0 obj
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The travel-time graph Do you think we will someday be able to prevent earthquakes? hbb2b`b``a I @
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Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers Thank you for reading Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers . Contact the teacher to find out the length of the class period, as well as how many copies of handouts and sets of materials you need to bring. How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and the last measurable Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? You will receive your score and answers at the end. 0000002658 00000 n
What is the time lag for the Seattle, Washington, seismic station? Key Facts & Information. Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media. Seismic stations detect earthquakes by the tracings made on seismographs. Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. question 1 of 3. Video Guide / Worksheets and Quizzes for Quizzes and Answer Sheet __ 2. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. miles from the epicenter of an Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. Locating an Epicenter Activity - Arkansas Geological Survey If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. The answer is the San Andreas Fault. The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. Expert Answer. Do you agree with this alignment? 0000002507 00000 n
moment magnitude scale: Similar to the Richter scale, but replacing its use starting in the 1970s for more accuracy in measuring big earthquakes (magnitudes > 3.5) from greater distances. Add to Library. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. 0000001562 00000 n
Use the process of triangulation to locate an earthquake's epicenter. 0000001746 00000 n
minute apart, represent the passage of time 2. So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). It takes S waves 14. First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. 12), Seek, evaluate, and use a variety of specialized resources available from libraries, the Internet, and the community to find scientific information on Earth's history
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